class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Day Thirty-Three: How to Lie with Maps ## SDS 192: Introduction to Data Science ###
Lindsay Poirier
Statistical & Data Sciences
, Smith College
###
Spring 2022
--- class: center, middle # All maps lie! <img src="https://press.uchicago.edu/.imaging/mte/ucp/medium/dam/ucp/books/jacket/978/02/26/43/9780226435923.jpg/jcr:content/9780226435923.jpg" width="300" /> --- # Acknowledgements Today's lecture is almost entirely structured based on: Deluca, Eric, and Sara Nelson. 2017. "7. Lying With Maps." In Mapping, Society, and Technology, edited by Steven Manson. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. [https://open.lib.umn.edu/mapping/chapter/7-lying-with-maps/](https://open.lib.umn.edu/mapping/chapter/7-lying-with-maps/). --- # Projections .pull-left[ ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Equal_Earth_projection_SW.jpg) > Equal Earth Projection ] .pull-right[ ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mercator_projection_Square.JPG/1280px-Mercator_projection_Square.JPG) > Mercator Projection ] --- # Symbolization .pull-left[ ![](img/northampton-map.png) ] .pull-right[ ![](img/northampton-map2.png) ] --- # Cartograms ![](https://www.viewsoftheworld.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/HappyPlanetIndexMap2016.png) > Benjamin Hennig, [https://www.viewsoftheworld.net/](https://www.viewsoftheworld.net/) --- # Standardization .pull-left[
] .pull-right[
] --- # Classification .pull-left[ Binning creates equal interval breaks, and classifies the data into the intervals.
] .pull-right[ Quantiles creates breaks so that there are the same number of observations classified into each bin.
] --- # Aggregation > Ecological fallacy: Assuming that a value calculated for a group is equivalent to the values for individual members of the group .pull-left[
] .pull-right[
] --- # Zonation .pull-left[ * Modifiable Aerial Unit Problem * The boundaries we aggregate data into are often arbitrary (i.e. not meaningful for the analysis) * If I'm studying air quality effects of a facility on surrounding populations, air pollution doesn't stop at a zip code even if I aggregate my data by zip code. * Drawing boundaries in a different way would produce different results. ] .pull-right[ ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Maup_rate_numbers.png) ] --- # Gerrymandering <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bGLRJ12uqmk" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> --- # Prison-based Gerrymandering <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xhxWkal1J58" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>